With the introduction of new players in the industry such as large wholesalers and online providers driving massive change and desire for transparency, PBMs face a real challenge in the reinvention and maintenance of their value proposition towards the betterment of patients’ health and wellness. Solutions in this space will include end-to-end flow of value leveraging the use of advanced analytics and machine learning leading to a streamlined supply chain, starting with just-in-time manufacturing of small batch personalized medicine delivered directly to patient with minimal intermediaries and overheads.